Examples - Calibrated Permittivity and Conductivity Measurements

 Dielectric
    Analyzers

 Viscometers

 Rheometers

 Company
    Information
 

The Proceptor measures the relative permittivity and electrical conductivity of fluids over a broad range of frequencies.

Relative permittivity is a well-defined material property that varies with chemical and physical structure. Permittivities of many common substances are tabulated in standard reference texts like the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. The Proceptor® measures permittivity and conductivity in ordinary engineering units, and its permittivity measurements can be calibrated and verified by measurements with reference liquids whose permittivities are know from the literature. An example of this is shown in the first graph, in which permittivities measured by the Proceptor are plotted against literature permittivity values for a set of reference materials. This plot demonstrates that the calibrated Proceptor's permittivity measurements are absolute and consistent with measurements made by other methods.

The Proceptor®'s conductivity measurements are also calibrated, absolute measurements in engineering units. This is shown in the second graph in which the Proceptor's conductivity measurements with reference solutions are plotted against the actual conductivities. The solutions used for these measurements were potassium chloride (KCl) salt in water. These electrolyte solutions, which are commonly used as reference materials, have conductivities near the upper limit of the Proceptor's range. Above 0.01 Siemens per meter [S/m], the Proceptor starts reporting conductivities that are significantly below the true values. At 0.001 S/m and below it reads dead on. The Proceptor can accurately measure conductivities at least four orders of magnitude smaller than this, but reference solutions are not available in this region. In the graph below are measurements on conductivity reference solutions of KCl salt in water. The data shows that the Proceptor dielectric analyzer's conductivity measurements are accurately reported in standard engineering units, and agree quantitatively over the range discussed, with measurements by other instruments.
Electrical properties measured by the Proceptor in-line sensor are important in themselves for many end-uses. Plastics intended for use in electrical connectors and wire insulation require controlled, low conductivity, while the growing class of electrostatic dissipative plastics for clean room manufacturing of integrated circuits require high conductivity.